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An articulated car owned by the. The 53 ft (16.15 m) capacity car is a Maxi-IV. A well car, also known as a double-stack car or stack car (also well wagon), is a type of specially designed to carry (shipping containers) used in.
The 'well' is a depressed section which sits close to the rails between the of the car, allowing a container to be carried lower than on a traditional. This makes it possible to carry a stack of two containers per unit on railway lines wherever the assures sufficient clearance. The top container is secured to the bottom container either by a bulkhead built into the car (e.g., bottom and top containers are the same dimensions of 40 ft.), or through the use of (IBC). Four IBCs are needed per wellcar. In the process of an inbound train becoming an outbound train, there are four processes: unlock to unload the top container of inbound train, remove then unload bottom container, insert after loading bottom container of outbound train, lock after top container loaded. Advantages to using well cars include increased stability due to the lower of the load, lower, and in the case of articulated units, reduced. Double-stack cars are most common in where intermodal traffic is heavy and is less widespread; thus overhead clearances are typically more manageable.
A multi-unit double-stack car, with five 48 ft (14.63 m) wells. This one was built by and is owned. Note that there is no bottom, which would make it unsuitable for carrying road trailers. (SP), along with, devised the first double-stack intermodal car in 1977. SP then designed the first car with that same year. At first it was slow to become an industry standard, then in 1984 started working with the Thrall Company to develop a refined well car and with the Union Pacific to operate a train service using the new well cars.
That same year, the first all 'double stack' train left for, under the name of 'Stacktrain' rail service. Along the way the train transferred from the UP to CNW and then to. Multiple unit cars Each unit of a double-stack car is constructed with a single well, but are often constructed with multiple units of three to five units, connected by connectors. Articulated connectors are supported by the centerplate of a single truck, (often a 125-short-ton, 112-long-ton or 113-tonne capacity truck but sometimes a 150-short-ton, 134-long-ton or 136-tonne capacity one). Also, in a number of cases, multiple single-well cars (usually 3 or 5) are connected by and share a single. On both types of multiple-unit cars, the units are typically distinguished by letters, with the unit on one end being the 'A' unit, and the unit on the other end being the 'B' unit.
Middle units are labeled starting with 'C', and going up to 'E' for five-unit cars starting from the 'A' unit and increasing towards the 'B' unit. Carrying capacity. 53' 48' 45' 40' and 20' containers stacked Double-stack cars come in a number of sizes, related to the standard sizes of the they are designed to carry. Well lengths of 40 ft (12.19 m), 48 ft (14.63 m) and 53 ft (16.15 m) are most common. A number of 45 ft (13.72 m) wells and 56 ft (17.07 m) wells also exist. (The sizes of wells are frequently marked in large letters on the sides of cars to assist yard workers in locating suitable equipment for freight loads.) On 40', 45', 48', or 53 cars, larger containers (45' or up) are often placed on top of smaller containers that fit in the available wells to efficiently use all available space.
All wells are also capable of carrying two 20 ft ISO containers in the bottom position. Some double-stack cars have been also equipped with which allow them to carry as well as containers. These are known as 'all-purpose' well cars. Foreign & Domestic intermodal trains Foreign intermodal trains carry 20's, 40's, 45's and 53 foot containers to and from coastal to import or export intercontinentally.
Domestic intermodal trains carry 53 foot containers plus and they travel throughout North America. Econo Stack or Twin Stack well car Econo Stack well cars are a variation of conventional well cars and their main purpose is to give the double stacked containers more support. The down side to them is they do not allow 53' containers to be stacked on top, but 45' containers still fit and are able to stack on top. A well car also fitted with a hitch to allow truck trailer transport as well Various countries. double stack trains operate between, and 6.5 m (21 ft) clearances. The between Melbourne and Brisbane will be built for the operation of double stacked trains.
using double stacked container trains under. Initially this was restricted to a standard ISO 8′6″ container and a reduced size 8′0″ container - even after increasing the height of the overhead wire for allowing two standard ISO containers it is not possible to use a stack of two 9′6″ hi-cube containers on the lines under electrification. operates double stack diesel trains on 1,676 mm ( 5 ft 6 in) gauge using. Experiments for double stacking under have begun because of funds given by Japan.
The East and West Corridor of the will open in December 2019 allowing for trains being 1500 m long and having a weight of up to 13000 t. The has been built for the operation of double-stacked trains, the first such trains being launched on October 1st 2018. All future extensions will be built to similar standards. The freight-only has been physically prepared for double-stack container transport, but the line ends at the German border, and the connecting German railway line has not been converted yet. Also the electrification with overhead causes concerns, similar to the Chinese situation. The remainder of the Dutch network is not suited for double-stack container transport.
In 2001 new tracks were laid for the, parallel to the canal. It allows for double-stack trains. The bottom of an existing tunnel was dug out to accommodate the extra height.
The small and consequently small on mean that double stacking is not possible and that well cars are required to be able to transport 9 ft 6 in (2.9 m) high on routes where the loading gauge is W9 or smaller. Choke points Low bridges and narrow tunnels in various locations prevent the operation of double-stack trains until costly upgrades are made. Some companies in the U.S. Have initiated improvement programs to remove obstructions to double-stack trains. See and. See also. References.
Cudahy, Brian J., -. (c/o National Academy of Sciences).
Number 246. September–October 2006. (Adobe Acrobat.PDF document). Union Pacific Railroad Company. Kaminski, Edward S.
American Car & Foundry Company: A Centennial History, 1899–1999. Wilton, California: Signature Press. (c/o HighBeam Research).
September 1, 1990. (PDF). ARTC - Australian Rail Track Corporation (state-owned). Retrieved 2013-03-18. Increasing the height clearance for trains to 6500mm between Parkes and Crystal Brook will allow a larger range of double-stacked container combinations to be carried. Retrieved 2019-02-09. ^.
Preparing to handle double-stack containers, Raghu Dayal, May 2009, p46. Railway Technology. Retrieved 2019-02-09. Sanga, Benard. The Standard. Retrieved 2019-02-09. heartbreak21boyy, retrieved 2019-02-09 Online rosters.
A list of double stack cars by reporting mark, with various data. Picture Archives Magazine articles. Mainline Modeler: Fortenberry, Curt & Bill McKean. 'APL Container Car'. February 1987. Fortenberry, Curt & Robert L. 'APL container car part II the brake system'.
March 1987. Hundman, Robert L., & Curt Fortenberry. 'APL 45-foot container car'. Model Railroader: Durrenberger, Cyril. 'SP/ACF double stack cars'. October 1983.
Model Railroading: Bontrager, David A. 'Articulated double stacks: a prototype overview'. Bontrager, David A. 'The Newest Prototype Well Cars: An Abundance of Kitbashing Possibilities'. Casdorph, David G. And Ed McCaslin. 'Gunderson's Husky-Stack: The Prototype and Detailing A-Line's HO Model'.
October 1995. Casdorph, David G.
'NSC 53' Drawbarred Well Car Roster and Pictorial'. August 2002. p.30-33 Geiger, Doug. 'Thrall Double-Stacks: Three-Well DTTX Drawbar-Connected Car'. October 1994. Geiger, Doug.
'Gunderson Husky Stack Three-Well BN Drawbar-Connected Car'. Geiger, Doug. 'Gunderson Maxi-Stack IIIs Part I: The Prototype'. December 1995. Geiger, Doug.
'Maxi-Stack Well Car Part I: The Prototype'. April 1997. Mansfield, Jim. 'Thrall Five-Unit Double-Stack Car - Series TWG50J'. October 1993.
Mansfield, Jim. 'Thrall Five-Unit Double-Stack Car - Series APLX 5000'. November 1993.
p.24-25, 27-31. Railroad Model Craftsman: Panza, Jim & Chuck Yungkurth. 'Thrall's double-stack cars'. January 1989. Panza, Jim & Bruce Keating. 'The Gunderson Husky-Stack well car'.
Panza, Jim & William Halliar. 'Thrall stand-alone and drawbar connected well cars'. October 1992. External links.
The 18 ft (5.49 m) here mentioned is too low, it is more like 20 ft 2 in (6.15 m)., Time Magazine, June 7, 1954.